Registered rights versus use in the market in opposition proceedings

DETALLES

FECHA: 10-05-2023

PROFESIONALES EN LA NOTICIA:

Andrea Miño

MEDIO:

– WTR

“The concept that trademark registration grants ownership of and exclusive rights to use a trademark to identify and protect the goods and services for which it was registered is accepted worldwide”.

“When the IP Office grants a trademark registration, it confers rights and obligations to the owner, including the ability to oppose a third party’s application for an identical or confusingly similar trademark. As part of the opposition proceedings, the defendant may submit evidence to refute the opponent’s allegations”, as explained by our associate Andrea Miño in an article published in WTR.

Miño recalls that “in recent years, it has become common practice for an applicant whose mark is being opposed to submit evidence demonstrating that the use of the opponent’s mark is limited to specific goods or services, in an attempt to minimise the risk of confusion between the conflicting marks”.

In some of these cases, she adds, “the IP Office considered these allegations to be valid and allowed the registration of trademarks similar to previously registered trademarks – thus erroneously applying the specialty principle, which directly affects registration rights, one of the fundamentals of trademark law. Such ex officio restriction of the goods was a clear overreach of the examiner’s powers, in violation of the trademark owner’s rights”.

Our associate analyzes a recent case examined by the Intellectual Property Office in an opposition proceeding in which an applicant downloaded content from the opponent’s website in order for the Intellectual Property Office to consider only the products offered on that website (pharmaceutical products for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure), despite the fact that the trademark on which the opposition was based was granted for pharmaceutical, among other products.

The applicant sought to obtain the registration of a confusingly similar trademark to protect other types of pharmaceuticals (medicines for respiratory diseases).

Resolution No OCDI-2023-291 sets an important precedent whereby, in opposition proceedings, the registration rights must prevail over the use of the mark in the market. The decision makes it clear that, in order to obtain the limitation of a registration, there are other legally established proceedings, which can also be used as a defence in the opposition proceedings.

If you want to read the complete article, click here.

Occupational health promotion regulation

From the 14th of May 2023, companies must implement an Occupational Health Promotion Plan, accordingly to the following considerations:
Scope:
All public or private work centers with 25 or more employees are obligated to implement the Occupational Health Promotion Plan; hereby the “Plan”.Stages:Planification: this stage requires an occupational health, security and practices evaluation as well as identifying problems and necessities. It also requires establishing activities that motivate personnel into a healthy lifestyle and work condition.

Implementation: in this stage the company must design an educational program for employees and notify the National Health Authority about the Plan implementation in the workspace for its evaluation.

Work centers must appoint a health professional as “Focal Point” to lead and form the work team that will oversee the Plan implementation.

Approval on the “Actívate y Vive” certificate: the Health Authority will issue a compliance report of the Plan and as a result the “Actívate y Vive” certificate.

Renewal: companies must request a renewal of the certificate in the dependencies appointed by the Health Authority for this purpose.

The Quality Assurance in Health Services and Prepaid Medicine Agency (ACCES) or whoever acts in its place will verify the existence of the “Actívate y Vive” certificate from December of 2023.

The “Actívate y Vive” certificate will be valid for two years and obligated companies must request its renewal four months before the expiration date.

 

Edmundo-Ramos-abogados-ecuador

Specialist in Labor Law
Edmundo Ramos, partner at CorralRosales
eramos@corralrosales.com
+593 2 2544144

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NOTE: The above text has been prepared for informational purposes. CorralRosales is not liable for any loss or damage incurred as a result of acting or failing to act on the basis of the information contained in this document. Any additional determined situation requires the specific opinion and concept of the firm in Quito / Guayaquil, Ecuador.

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Decree Law for strengthening the family economy

On May 17, 2023, the President issued the draft of the Decree-Law for Strengthening the Family Economy. This Decree-Law will enter into force once the Constitutional Court issues a favorable opinion. A public hearing is scheduled for June 6, to analyze this matter. The following is a summary of the most relevant issues:

1. Individuals Income Tax

Increases the amount that individuals may apply as a rebate for personal expenses with respect to the income tax incurred, according to the following detail:

a. Individuals without family dependents: the amount of the rebate will be equal to 18% of the lower value resulting from the personal expenses declared in the respective fiscal year and the value of the basic family basket (US$764.71 for 2023) multiplied by 7.

b. Individuals with family dependents: the amount of the rebate will be equal to 18% of the lesser value resulting from the personal expenses declared in the respective fiscal year and the value of the basic family basket multiplied by the applicable number, according to the following table:

Family dependents are parents, spouse or common-law partner and children up to 21 years of age or disabled of any age; if they do not receive taxable income and are dependent on the taxpayer.

c. Individuals who have dependents with catastrophic, rare and/or orphan diseases: the amount of the rebate will be equal to 18% of the lower value resulting between the personal expenses declared in the respective fiscal year, and the value of the basic family basket multiplied by 20.

If the value of the rebate exceeds the amount of the tax incurred, there will be no refund of the excess.

The income tax table is replaced by the following, which reduces the tax burden for individuals:

The provisions related to the rebate for personal expenses and the table for calculating income tax for individuals will be applicable as from the current fiscal year 2023.

2. Sole Income Tax on Sports Betting Operators

The “Single Income Tax on Sports Betting Operators” is created. The taxable event is receiving Ecuadorian source income derived from sports betting activities carried out live, through internet or any other means.

The taxpayers are:

a. Individuals or entities with tax residence or permanent establishment in Ecuador that carry out sports betting activities.
b. As substitute taxpayers, users of sports betting platforms when the operator does not have tax residence or permanent establishment in Ecuador.

The tax rate is 15% of the taxable base. The taxable base will be calculated according to the following:

a. Operators with tax residence in Ecuador: The taxable base will be equal to the total income (including commissions) minus the total prizes paid in the same period. Prizes will be deducted from the taxable base if 15% of the value of the prize has been withheld.

b. Non-resident operators: The taxable base will be equal to the total amount paid by the user in each transaction, i.e., the total value of the bets. If the bet is made through an intermediary, the intermediary must collect the tax from the user and pay it to the Internal Revenue Service.

The beneficiaries of the prizes will pay a 15% tax on the value of each prize received, in cash or in kind.

The Single Income Tax for Sports Betting Operators will become effective as of January 1, 2024.

3. Simplified Regime for Entrepreneurs and Popular Businesses (RIMPE)

The following are excluded from the RIMPE Regime:

a. Those taxpayers engaged in the production, importation and/or first stage of commercialization of goods or rendering of services taxed with Special Consumption Tax (ICE).
b. Taxpayers who carry out economic activities excluded from the RIMPE regime, even when they simultaneously carry out non-excluded activities.
c. Taxpayers qualified as artisans.

Taxpayers subject to the RIMPE regime will pay the tax according to the following progressive tables:

If, at the end of the fiscal year, the taxpayer had gross income over USD$300,000.00, it must file and pay income tax under the general regime. Prior to this reform, the taxpayer had to apply the general regime in the following year.

The period for the liquidation and payment of income tax corresponding to the RIMPE regime is extended from March to June of each fiscal year.

With respect to Value Added Tax (VAT), the transfer of ownership of tangible property, rights and the rendering of services carried out by popular businesses will be taxed at a 0% VAT rate.

Payments made to taxpayers categorized as popular businesses will not be subject to income tax withholding. In the case of payments made to entrepreneurs, the Internal Revenue Service will determine the income tax withholding percentages.

 

Andrea Moya - CorralRosales - Lawyer Ecuador

Specialist in Tax Law
Andrea Moya, partner at CorralRosales
amoya@corralrosales.com
+593 2 2544144

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NOTE: The above text has been prepared for informational purposes. CorralRosales is not liable for any loss or damage incurred as a result of acting or failing to act on the basis of the information contained in this document. Any additional determined situation requires the specific opinion and concept of the firm in Quito / Guayaquil, Ecuador.

CORRALROSALES

Beginning of the sanctioning regime of the Organic Law on Personal Data Protection

On May 26, 2021, the Organic Law for the Protection of Personal Data (the “LOPDP“) entered into force with its publication in Official Gazette Supplement 459. However, the sanctioning regime began to apply as of May 26, 2023, as established in the First Transitory Provision: “(the…) provisions related to the corrective measures and the sanctioning regime will enter into force two years after the publication of this Law in the Official Gazette”.

In the course of this time, whoever oversees the processing of personal data had to adapt its activities to the precepts established in the LOPDP, whose purpose is to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of data owners and their right to the protection of personal data.

The process of adapting to the new information processing depends on the type of company (public entity, multinational, SME, self-employed, among others) and, above all, on the types of data processed (health data, credit data, data of children or adolescents).

The main obligations of companies are summarized below:

1.    Scope of application of the LOPDP:

•    The law is applicable to any processing of personal data, whether in physical or digital format, including its automation and any additional use.

•    Both legal and natural persons, public or private, must comply with the obligations imposed by the LOPDP.

2.    Individuals involved in data protection:

•    The controller is the person, natural or legal, who decides on the purpose and treatment of the personal data collected.

•    The processor is the person who provides a service to the controller that involves the processing of personal data in the name and on behalf of the Controller.

•    The data subject is the natural person whose data is subject to processing, such as name, surname, ID card number, health data, religion, credit data, gender, ethnicity, fingerprint, among others.

3.    New obligations:

The LOPDP obliges to include new warnings, for example: the legal basis for data processing or data retention periods. In addition to the following:
•    Consent: this must be a free, specific, informed, and unequivocal manifestation. This implies that the data controller must be able to prove that it had the consent of the data subject.

•    Relationship between data controllers and data processors: describes the type of contract between the data controller and the data processor. It specifies the obligations of both parties for the provision of the agreed service.

•    Risk analysis: those who process data must carry out a risk analysis on the processing of data, before implementing its use, to minimize the impact, it may have on data subjects.

•    Rights: provides data subjects with a series of rights to ensure data protection, such as: access, rectification, erasure, opposition, portability, not be subject to a decision based solely or in part on automated assessments, among others.

•    Data Protection Officer (“DPO”): those who process personal data, depending on the volume, category, and treatment of data, must appoint a DPO who will be the one to carry out a permanent and systematized control of personal data.

4.    Data Protection Authority (“DPA”):

The LOPDP provides for the creation of the Superintendence of Personal Data Protection, which will oversee the correct application of the law.

5.    Corrective actions:

The DPA shall take corrective measures to prevent further infringement. These measures could be:

•    Cessation of processing.
•    Erase of the data.
•    Imposition of technical, legal, organizational, or administrative measures.

6.    Sanctioning measures:

Establishes an administrative regime whereby there are minor and major offenses. The fines are based on the volume of business:
•    Minor offenses: are sanctioned with fines that go from 0,1% to 0,7%.
•    Major offenses: are sanctioned with fines that go from 0,7% to 1%.

So far, the regulation to the LOPDP has not been issued, nor has the DPA been appointed. However, as the sanctioning regime is already in force, those who use personal data must implement data processing policies and data protection measures to avoid fines.

CorralRosales has formed a team specialized in data protection to provide legal advice and consulting. LOPDP compliance audits are performed, as well as documents related to personal data protection.

Rafael Serrano, asociado de CorralRosales, con traje y corbata. En el fondo, una parte de Guayaquil (Ecuador)

Specialist in Data Protection Law
Rafael Serrano, associate at CorralRosales
rserrano@corralrosales.com
+593 2 2544144

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Ecuador’s PDPL: challenges of the entry into force of its sanctioning regime

DETAILS

DATE: 23-05-2023

PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN THE ARTICLE:

Rafael Serrano

MEDIA:

– IAPP

The entry into force of the EU General Data Protection Regulation in May 2018 prompted the creation and adaptation of different regulations on personal data protection worldwide. Ecuador was no exception, and on May 26 2021 the Organic Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL), the first law in Ecuador focused exclusively on regulating and guaranteeing personal data protection, entered into force.

Two years later, as stipulated by law, the corrective measures and the sanctioning regime have come into force. Our associate Rafael Serrano writes on this matter in IAPP.

Serrano points out that “as of May, and since the publication of the PDPL, and private entities have been obliged to undertake adaptation processes that have meant significant challenges for them, which have deepened due to the lack of regulation for the application of the PDPL, as well as the lack of creation and designation of a data protection authority”.

These difficulties, he says, “added to the technical, legal and procedural actions the regulated entities adopted, have undoubtedly generated great uncertainty regarding compliance with and application of the PDPL”.

As of May 26, according to Serrano, “a new stage in the protection of personal data in Ecuador will begin. The risks can be significant, as fines can reach up to 1% of the fiscal year’s turnover immediately before the fine’s imposition”.

He states that the law generates a new regulatory regime that positions Ecuador at an international level since, even with all the risks mentioned above, it also presents great opportunities.

“Compliance with this regulation will improve processes and information systems, and help Ecuadorian companies strengthen their corporate images in the international market. In this sense, companies must begin to mitigate risk by implementing certain documents and security measures”.

If you want to read the complete article, click here.

Constitutional opinion of the veto to the bill that reforms the Organic Law of Regulation and Control of Market Power

Recorte de "The Legal Industry Reviews", el artículo escrito por Christian Razza

DETAILS

DATE: 10-05-2023

PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN THE ARTICLE:

Christian Razza

On January 21, 2023, President Guillermo Lasso Mendoza filed a partial objection for unconstitutionality to the “Draft Organic Reformatory Law of Various Legal Bodies, for the Strengthening, Protection, Impulse and Promotion of Popular and Solidarity Economy Organizations. Artisans, Small Producers, Micro-enterprises and Enterprises” (“Bill”). Our associate Christian Razza writes about it for The Legal Industry Reviews (LIR).

Razza recalls that on March 1, 2023, the National Assembly informed the Constitutional Court (“Court”) of the presidential objection, so that it may issue the respective opinion on the constitutionality of this norm that reforms the Organic Law of Regulation and Control of Market Power (“LORCPM”).

In this regard, it adds that on March 30, 2023, by means of Opinion No. 2-23-OP/23, the Court resolved the partial presidential objection on grounds of unconstitutionality, declaring the objections filed against:

1. Conferring to the Superintendency for the Control of Market Power (“SCPM”) the competence to regulate the modification or elimination of public aid and pricing policies.

In this regard, Razza emphasizes that “the Court pointed out that these provisions contravene Articles 132 paragraph 1, 147 paragraph 3 and 213 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador (“CRE”) since the creation, definition, elimination and modification of any type of pricing policies and public aid are not within its competence”. 

2.Granting the SCPM the power to issue recommendations on the modalities of competition in the markets of a binding nature only for public entities.

Razza points out that “paragraph 17 of the second reforming provision of the Bill allows the SCPM to review in a binding manner the pricing policy implemented by the Executive Branch”.

Therefore, the Court points out that “the Court states that granting the SCPM’s recommendations the ‘binding’ character implies that it is attributed a competence that exceeds the provisions of Article 213 of the CRE for the cases of the superintendencies. Consequently, it resolves that the recommendations coming from the SCPM must have only an optional character”.

If you want to read the complete article, click here.

Dissolution of Congress

In application of the powers conferred by Article 148 of the Constitution, the President of the Republic issued Decree No. 741 (the “Decree”) whereby the President dissolves Congress and ordered the National Electoral Council to call for legislative and presidential elections to complete the current respective terms.

The aforementioned powers allow the President to dissolve Congress when, in his opinion, there is a “serious political crisis and internal commotion”. It does not require the prior determination of the Constitutional Court and may be exercised only once during the first three years of office.

The National Electoral Council, within a maximum term of 7 days after the publication of the Decree, will call for legislative and presidential elections for the remainder of the current term, which ends in May 2025.

To sum up,  i) the President has made use of a constitutional power expressly contemplated in Article 148 of the Constitution; and, ii) in approximately 6 months a new President and Vice President of the Republic and members of Congress will take office, for a term to end in May 2025. In the meantime, the President remains in office and may issue economic decree laws, with the approval of the Constitutional Court.

Xavier-Rosales-abogados-ecuador

Leader of the Competition, Corporate and M&A areas
Xavier Rosales, partner at CorralRosales
xrosales@corralrosales.com
+593 2 2544144

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NOTE: The above text has been prepared for informational purposes. CorralRosales is not liable for any loss or damage incurred as a result of acting or failing to act on the basis of the information contained in this document. Any additional determined situation requires the specific opinion and concept of the firm in Quito / Guayaquil, Ecuador.

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Ecuador China Free Trade Agreement

On May 10 and 11, 2023 – due to the time difference – Ecuador and China signed a Free Trade Agreement focused on the commercial exchange of goods and e-commerce.

During 2022 Ecuador exported to China around US$5,823 million in products such as shrimp, lead and copper concentrate, other mining products, bananas, balsa, wood, cocoa, among others. China exported to Ecuador approximately US$6,353 million in products including metal products, vehicles, automobiles, cell phones, computers, among others.

Once the treaty enters into force, Ecuador’s products will have access to a market of 1.4 billion consumers and will be subject – for the most part – to immediate tariff relief. Ecuador’s tariff relief for Chinese products is subject to percentages and deadlines depending on the goods. With this, Ecuador will compete with countries such as Peru and Central America that already have a treaty with the Asian country.

The treaty will become effective once it complies with the respective legal process, which includes the pronouncement of the Constitutional Court, approval by the National Assembly, and publication in the Official Gazette.

In the following link you can review the complete text in Spanish:
https://www.produccion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FTA-ECUADOR-CHINA-SPANISH.pdf

New definition of strategic medicines

Boletín general de CorralRosales - Foto edificio con cristalera

The Regulation STFP-009-725-2023 of March 15, 2023 (the “Regulation”), issued by the Board for Fixing and Reviewing the Prices of Medicines for Human Use and Consumption (the “Board”) approved the new definition of strategic medicines, effective as of March 30, 2023.   

According to the Regulation, strategic medicines will be those subject to any of the following criteria:

a.    Medicines included in the National List of Basic Medicines (“CNMB”), except those included in the “List of OTC Medicines” published by the National Agency of Regulation, Control and Sanitary Surveillance (“ARCSA”)
b.    CNMB medicines, except those in which the number of competitors allows the release of its price.  
c.    Medicines that the Ministry of Public Health considers necessary for managing health strategies, programs, plans, and projects, including treating chronic, rare, catastrophic, and orphan diseases.
d.    Medicines not appearing in the CNMB and whose acquisition has been authorized under Ministerial Agreement No. 18 published in the Official Gazette Supplement 573 of November 9, 2021 (or the norm that replaces it). 
e.    Medicines that the Superintendence of Control of Market Power qualifies as monopolistic or have relevant restrictions to competition.  
f.    Medicines containing active ingredients that have not been marketed in Ecuador. 

Additionally, the Regulation establishes that:

i.    As of March 30, 2023, medicines included in ARCSA’s “List of OTC Medicines” will belong to the price-released regime. 
ii.    Until April 21, 2023, holders of valid sanitary registrations shall report to the Technical Secretariat of the Council (the “Secretariat”) the units sold and the retail price marked on the packaging to determine the medicines that will be under the constant criterion in paragraph b.
iii.    Until June 30, 2023, the Secretariat must generate the methodology to determine the medicines to be covered by the criteria in paragraph b and send it to the Council for approval. After approval, the Secretariat will have one month to submit to the Council the technical reports for issuing the list of medicines that will meet the indicated criterion.
iv.    Until June 30, 2023, the Secretariat must submit to the Council the technical reports for issuing the list of medicines that will be subject to the price-regulated regime based on this new definition.
 

Mario Fernández - Boletín CorralRosales - Derecho Corporativo - Contratación Pública - Sector Eléctrico - Ecuador

Specialist in Corporate and Public Contracting Law
Mario Fernández, associate at CorralRosales
mfernandez@corralrosales.com
+593 2 2544144

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NOTE: The above text has been prepared for informational purposes. CorralRosales is not liable for any loss or damage incurred as a result of acting or failing to act on the basis of the information contained in this document. Any additional determined situation requires the specific opinion and concept of the firm in Quito / Guayaquil, Ecuador.

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Important Amendments to The Law on Companies No.2

Boletín societario de CorralRosales - Foto edificio con cristalera
In our corporate bulletin of the 22nd of this month we summarized the amendment of the Law on Companies for the Optimization and Promotion of Business and Corporate Governance. Below, we include other important amendments: 


a) Acquisition of treasury stock: The acquisition of treasury stock by a corporation has long been authorized by the Law on Companies. This amendment adds the following: (i) funds from net profits, statutory reserves or contribution of money or assets of the company may be used for the acquisition (previously only net profits could be used); (ii) the economic and political rights of the shares acquired by the company are suspended until the shares return to circulation, in which case the transferee is entitled to exercise them; and (iii) the shares must be disposed of within a maximum period of five years from their acquisition, otherwise they will be redeemed through the corresponding share capital reduction. 

b) Action for oppression of minority shareholders: A new action is created that may be brought by minority shareholders (understood as those who do not have control over the company) against majority shareholders for conducts that violate their rights under the law.
c) Agreements between directors/shareholders and the company: The transfer or encumbrance of assets in favor of the director or a shareholder, the acquisition of personal property of the director or a shareholder, and any other act or contract entered into between the company and the director, require the prior approval of at least 75% of the capital attending the respective shareholders’ meeting. The directors or shareholders involved may not vote.    

d) Transformation into a S.A.S.: Any legal entity of any nature (including non-commercial organizations), and contractual partnerships, may transform into a simplified stock corporation (S.A.S.).

e) Corporate acts that require prior approval: In corporate acts that require prior approval by the Superintendence of Companies (capital decrease, merger, spin-off, among others), the review will be formal, only referring to the legality of the acts, without the need for a prior inspection for their approval or registration, unless there is a request from a shareholder. The minutes of the shareholders’ meeting must include a statement from the shareholders and the legal representative of the veracity and authenticity of the information provided. The Superintendence of Companies may carry out an inspection process within seven years after the approval of the corporate act.

f) Expedited cancellation: The expedited cancellation process is created, by means of which, when the company demonstrates that it has no outstanding obligations with the Superintendence of Companies, it may request the Superintendent to declare the company dissolved and cancel its registration in the Commercial Registry or the Superintendence’s Companies Registry, as the case may be, by means of a resolution. For this purpose, the Superintendent will not require the filing of corporate or accounting records, but instead, a statement of the veracity and authenticity of the information provided and that the final balance sheet is supported by the respective corporate and accounting records must be included in the minutes of the meeting. Although the Superintendence of Companies may not require the filing of compliance certificates with other governmental entities in order to issue an expedited cancellation resolution, they may verify, on their own means, the compliance of obligations with such entities. 

g) Corporate groups: With respect to corporate groups, the following are particularly noteworthy:


a. In the case of a corporate group with subsidiaries, both the managers of the subsidiaries and those of the parent company must submit a special report to the annual general shareholders’ meeting, in which the intensity of the economic relations existing between the parent company and the subsidiaries shall be detailed, that is, a detail of the most important transactions between the parent company and its subsidiaries or carried out in the interest of the parent company and/or the subsidiaries.

b. When the bankruptcy of a subsidiary company is caused by the actions of the parent company or its controlling companies, the parent company, its controlling companies or any of its subsidiaries or related companies shall be liable, on a subsidiary basis, for the unpaid claims of the bankrupt company.

c. The arbitration agreement entered into by one or more companies of the corporate group shall be binding for the other companies of the group, when, due to their role in the signature, performance or termination of the agreements which contain such arbitration clauses, the non-signatory companies are considered parties to the arbitration agreement.

d. If the parent company owns all the shares or units issued by a subsidiary company, the members or shareholders of the parent company may authorize, at a general shareholders’ meeting, the transfer or encumbrance of the corporate assets of the subsidiary.

h) Consultations to the Superintendence of Companies: Companies may submit consultations to the Superintendence of Companies on matters related to their area of competence. The answer to a consultation shall contain general opinions on matters legally supervised by the Superintendence of Companies. Consequently, the criteria derived from a general pronouncement may not be related to a particular company or situation.

i) Corporate acts approved by the shareholders’ meeting: The corporate acts of all companies must be instrumented in the same fiscal year in which the shareholders’ meeting resolved them. Otherwise, a new resolution of the shareholders’ meeting ratifying such decision will be required.

Foto cuadrada de Milton Carrera, socio junior de CorralRosales

Specialist in Corporate
Milton Carrera, junior partner at CorralRosales
mcarrera@corralrosales.com
+593 2 2544144

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NOTE: The above text has been prepared for informational purposes. CorralRosales is not liable for any loss or damage incurred as a result of acting or failing to act on the basis of the information contained in this document. Any additional determined situation requires the specific opinion and concept of the firm in Quito / Guayaquil, Ecuador.

CORRALROSALES